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中国发展新蓝图，为何空前强调高质量发展？******
(中共二十大·观察)中国发展新蓝图，为何空前强调高质量发展？
中新社北京10月17日电 (记者 李晓喻)中共二十大报告描绘了未来5年乃至更长时期中国发展的蓝图。其中，高质量发展被视为浓墨重彩的一笔。
在5年前十九大报告提出中国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段后，二十大报告进一步将高质量发展列为全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务，将高质量发展的重要性提升到前所未有的高度。
中国国际经济交流中心总经济师陈文玲接受中新社记者采访时称，高质量发展是中国经济迈向下一个历史性跃升的必然要求。如今，中国经济总量已增长到114万亿元人民币，稳居全球第二大经济体，但人均国内生产总值仍然相对落后。只有通过高质量发展，中国才能将经济增长的潜力转化为具体可感的红利，将量的积累转化为质的提升。
在陈文玲看来，高质量发展也是实现中国式现代化的必由之路。既然中国式现代化以全体人民共同富裕、物质文明和精神文明相协调、人与自然和谐共生、走和平发展道路为圭臬，就必须且只能把高质量发展作为唯一可行的选择。没有高质量发展，中国式现代化就没有基础和支撑，中国也很难在世界百年变局加速演进、大国博弈升温之际占据主动。
针对何为高质量发展，习近平此前曾作出解释：高质量发展，就是能够很好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要的发展，是体现新发展理念的发展，是创新成为第一动力、协调成为内生特点、绿色成为普遍形态、开放成为必由之路、共享成为根本目的的发展。
分析人士认为，高质量发展成为最重要“指挥棒”，将对中国经济大棋局产生深远影响，一系列新变化将接踵而至。
今后，众多新的“坐标系”料将浮出水面。中国社科院经济研究所研究员胡怀国表示，在高质量发展要求下，推动质量变革、效率变革、动力变革预计将成为中国今后一个时期制定经济政策、实施宏观调控的根本要求，相应的指标体系、政策体系、标准体系、统计体系、绩效评价和政绩考核体系都将加快出炉。
今后，全国统一大市场建设料将提速。二十大报告专门提及，要增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性。
中国商务部原副部长魏建国对记者称，眼下中国不少地方仍存在保护主义、“画地为牢”等倾向，导致要素资源在全国范围内流通不畅，不仅损害国内大循环健康发展，也影响其可靠性。预计今后中国将以更大力度破除各类市场隐性障碍和地域分割，打通制约经济循环的关键堵点，加快建设全国统一大市场，以满足高质量发展的需要。
今后，中国料将在培育高质量市场主体上加大投入。据官方数据，截至2021年底中国市场主体总量已达1.54亿户，但对行业有重要影响的“头部企业”不多；中国企业在世界500强中的席位近年来明显增多，但竞争力、全球资源配置能力与美欧同行相比仍有不小差距。
陈文玲表示，总体上看，当前中国企业仍处在全球产业链供应链格局的中下游，这与经济向高质量发展并不相符。只有抓紧培育一批高质量市场主体，高质量发展才有依托。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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